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Canker sores (also called aphthous ulcers) are small ulcers that appear inside the mouth. They can be painful, persistent and annoying, but they are not contagious.
Although the cause of most canker sores remains a mystery, they are very common and may occur on your tongue, inside your cheeks, and at the base of your gums.
Though anyone can get canker sores, especially between 10 and 40 years of age, they tend to run in families and may be an inheritable condition.
What Causes Canker Sores
The cause in many cases is unknown, but researchers have identified several factors that may trigger outbreaks of canker sores:
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minor injury, such as biting the inside of your mouth or a small cut
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stress or fatigue
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infection (bacterial, viral or fungal infection)
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food allergies or sensitivity to certain acidic foods such as orange juice or tomatoes
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nutritional deficiency such as vitamin B deficiency
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medications
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immune system problem or intestinal problems
In addition, some research suggests that toothpastes and mouthwashes that contain sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) may cause an increased recurrence rate of canker sores. Some studies have reported that participants who brushed with toothpaste free of SLS found that they experienced a reduction in the number of new canker sores.
The following toothpastes do not contain SLS and are recommended for daily use by patients with recurring canker sores:
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Rembrandt "Toothpaste for Canker Sore Sufferers"
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Biotene Sensitivity Toothpaste
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Sensodyne Maximum Strength Extra Whitening
Treating Canker Sores
Canker sores usually heal on their own in a week or two and treatment often isn’t necessary. Rinsing with an antimicrobial mouth rinse may help reduce the irritation.
Over-the-counter topical anesthetics may provide temporary relief if pain is intense, but should be used sparingly to avoid disruption of the healing process.
Stay away from hot, spicy or acidic foods that can irritate the sore. Try to avoid injuring tissue inside your mouth, such as biting the inside of your cheek or your tongue; or a denture that does not fit properly.
A dentist should examine any mouth sore that lasts longer than two weeks.
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What to Do About Canker Sores